Tube heaters may also fail without warning, especially if exposed to over voltage or as a result of manufacturing defects.
3.
All the dual does is swap over voltages and currents, resistance and conductance and a load of suchlike if you have them.
4.
In a window detector, a comparator is used to compare two voltages and determine whether a given input voltage is under voltage or over voltage.
5.
Under / over voltage detection is normally trivial to implement in grid-interactive inverters, because the basic function of the inverter is to match the grid conditions, including voltage.
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